Pervaporation de composés purs : approche expérimentale du couplage entre transfert de matière et transfert de chaleur (thèse )
Activités
pervaporation,
densité de flux de matière,
densité de flux de chaleur,
membrane dense
Publications scientifiques au M2P2
2019
R Mao, N. Fedorczak, G. Ciraolo, H. Bufferand, Y. Marandet, et al.. Impact of alternative divertor configuration on plasma detachment: pure Deuterium simulations with SolEdge2D-EIRENE edge transport code for HL-2M scenario. Nuclear Fusion, 2019. ⟨hal-02370418⟩ Plus de détails...
The SOLEDGE-EIRENE edge plasma code provides solutions for particle & energy transport in the plasma edge within complex and realistic 2D geometries [1]. In this work, divertor detachment is simulated on the HL-2M alternative magnetic configurations in pure Deuterium plasma. Starting from typical HL-2M low single-null (SN) configuration, the snowflake plus (SF+) and snowflake minus (SF-) configurations have been investigated. Detachment of the outer target is studied in these configurations during plasma density ramps controlled by a fueling source, at constant input power and constant radial transport coefficients. Some typical characteristics of detachment, like threshold, depth and upstream window of detachment are investigated. In the three geometries, detachment onset and evolution with upstream plasma density is characterized by the gradual displacement of a radiation front from the outer target to the main X-point, as observed in experiments. It is found that, whatever the detachment in terms of particle, momentum or power dissipation, the detachment threshold is dominated primarily by the geometrical structure of divertor plate and it does not exhibit dependence on the magnetic configuration of the diverted plasma volume. In particular, the parallel connection length in the divertor is not found to affect the detachment threshold, in contrast with simple expectations from the 2-point model, but in agreement with experimental findings.
R Mao, N. Fedorczak, G. Ciraolo, H. Bufferand, Y. Marandet, et al.. Impact of alternative divertor configuration on plasma detachment: pure Deuterium simulations with SolEdge2D-EIRENE edge transport code for HL-2M scenario. Nuclear Fusion, 2019. ⟨hal-02370418⟩
Adil Mouahid, Christelle Crampon, Sid-Ali Amine Toudji, Elisabeth Badens. Effects of high water content and drying pre-treatment on supercritical CO2 extraction from Dunaliella salina microalgae: Experiments and modelling. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 2016, 116, pp.271-280. ⟨10.1016/j.supflu.2016.06.007⟩. ⟨hal-01461796⟩ Plus de détails...
This study investigates the effects due to the water content and to the drying pre-treatment on the extraction kinetics of solutes extracted from Dunaliella sauna microalgae by supercritical CO2. The extraction experiments were conducted at pressure range from 20 up to 40 MPa at a temperature of 333 K on crushed samples with water content varying from 5.5 up to 23 wt%. Three drying pre-treatments were applied: air flow drying at 318 K, air flow drying followed by additional microwave treatment and freeze-drying. A water content up to 23 wt% helps to extract a higher content of carotenoids (mainly beta-carotene) and does not restrict the extraction process. Sovova's mathematical model was applied and the parameters were adapted for the description of the extraction curves from samples containing high water content with a deviation between experimental and calculated values comprised between 1.1% and 4.3%. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Adil Mouahid, Christelle Crampon, Sid-Ali Amine Toudji, Elisabeth Badens. Effects of high water content and drying pre-treatment on supercritical CO2 extraction from Dunaliella salina microalgae: Experiments and modelling. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 2016, 116, pp.271-280. ⟨10.1016/j.supflu.2016.06.007⟩. ⟨hal-01461796⟩
Adil Mouahid, Christelle Crampon, Sid-Ali Amine Toudji, Elisabeth Badens. Supercritical CO2 extraction of neutral lipids from microalgae: experiments and modelling. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 2013, 77, pp.7-16. ⟨10.1016/j.supflu.2013.01.024⟩. ⟨hal-00993077⟩ Plus de détails...
The aim of this work is to show that the equations developed by Sovová, based on the concept of broken and intact cells for describing the supercritical extraction curves from plants and vegetables, can be applied for the modelling of the supercritical CO2 extraction curves obtained with microalgae. Experimental and modelling results of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of lipids from four different microalgae: Nannochloropsis oculata, Cylindrotheca closterium, Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina platensis, are presented. The experimental setup is a laboratory scale apparatus which allows an accurate monitoring of the mass loss of the microalgae sample during the extraction. The experimental data were obtained at a pressure of 40 MPa, a temperature of 333 K and CO2 flow rates from 0.3 to 0.5 kg/h. The extraction experiments were performed on samples having undergone different pretreatments: (i) after harvesting and centrifugation, microalgae were dried either by freeze-drying or air flow drying) and (ii) they were ground and sieved at different particle sizes (particle diameters ranging from 160 to 1000 μm). The complete extraction of neutral lipids was performed leading to mass losses up to 30% depending on the samples and on the operating conditions. Extracts were mainly composed of triglycerides (more than 90 wt% of extracts). The mathematical model published in 2005 and the simplified equations of extraction curves (using the characteristic times characterizing each extraction step) published in 2012 by Sovová were chosen to fit the experimental data. Among the hypotheses proposed by Sovovà, we considered that the flow pattern of supercritical CO2 in the extraction autoclave was plug flow and the extraction process was supposed to occur with negligible solute-matrix interactions. The adjustable parameters were calculated by minimizing the sum of least squares between experimental and calculated values of the extraction yield. Good agreement between the two models and our experimental measurements was obtained. The average absolute relative deviation ranges between 0.5 and 10.2%.
Adil Mouahid, Christelle Crampon, Sid-Ali Amine Toudji, Elisabeth Badens. Supercritical CO2 extraction of neutral lipids from microalgae: experiments and modelling. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 2013, 77, pp.7-16. ⟨10.1016/j.supflu.2013.01.024⟩. ⟨hal-00993077⟩
Christelle Crampon, Adil Mouahid, Sid-Ali Amine Toudji, Olivier Lépine, Elisabeth Badens. Influence of pretreatment on supercritical CO2 extraction from Nannochloropsis oculata. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 2013, 79, pp.337-344. ⟨10.1016/j.supflu.2012.12.022⟩. ⟨hal-00993082⟩ Plus de détails...
This work demonstrates that supercritical carbon dioxide extraction is efficient for the complete recovery of neutral lipids from microalgae with a water content up to 20 wt%, allowing thus a further full characterization of this oil. This is a first useful step in the framework of lipid production from microalgae either for nutraceutical, food or for energy applications. This study is particularly focused on the influence of the pretreatments upon extraction kinetics and yields. This study proposes a complete study at laboratory scale (10 g per batch of dry biomass) of the influence of pretreatments (type of drying and grinding) and of water content on the extraction kinetics and yields as well as on the oil composition in terms of lipidic classes and profiles. Two drying pretreatments (drying under air flow and freeze-drying) applied on Nannochloropsis oculata were studied. Extraction experiments were carried out at 40 MPa, 333 K, with a carbon dioxide flow rate of 0.5 kg h−1 and for different granulometries. Results showed that drying under air flow at 308 K is the most adequate pretreatment leading to the most rapid kinetics. Whatever the pretreatment used, the extracted oil contains more than 90 wt% of triglycerides and does not contain phospholipids. As expected, the smaller the particle size, the faster the extraction kinetics. Finally, an increase in the biomass water content up to 20 wt% increases the global extraction kinetics (extraction of both water and oil) but appears to have no influence on oil extraction yields. Moreover, the extraction of neutral lipids happens to be complete for a CO2/charge mass ratio ranging from 30 to 130 depending on the operating conditions and on the characteristics of the treated biomass. Finally, pilot scale experiments were performed with batches up to 15 kg in order to evaluate the influence of pressure and particle size on the extraction kinetics and yields. Extracts obtained at 333 K with operating pressures of 50 MPa and 85 MPa have similar compositions and do not contain phospholipids.
Christelle Crampon, Adil Mouahid, Sid-Ali Amine Toudji, Olivier Lépine, Elisabeth Badens. Influence of pretreatment on supercritical CO2 extraction from Nannochloropsis oculata. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 2013, 79, pp.337-344. ⟨10.1016/j.supflu.2012.12.022⟩. ⟨hal-00993082⟩
